Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy : a case report

Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy is a rare condition characterized by extensive calcification and stenosis of large and medium sized arteries. A ten day old female baby developed sudden shortness of breath and was treated with oxygen and antibiotics. Antenatal echocardiography showed calcification of the aorta and pulmonary arteries. Autopsy examination revealed extensive calcification in the walls of major arteries and vessels of several organs. The baby was found to have a karyotype of 47 chromosomes.peer-reviewe

Economic Development and Industrial Relations: The Case of South and Southeast Asia

This article outlines the close relationship between economic development and industrial relations in South and Southeast Asia. After an examination of key industrial relations features, the authors discuss emergent global trends and current Asian realities, and highlight lessons from the Asian experience, and the implications for the future

Further Biochemical Evidence for Secretion of a Netrin-1 Like Protein from \u3ci\u3eTetrahymena thermophila\u3c/i\u3e

Netrin-1 is a pleiotropic signaling molecule first characterized in its role as an axonal guidance molecule. Since then, additional physiological roles for netrin-1 have been found, implicating netrin signaling in processes such as angiogenesis and tumor progression. Netrins are expressed throughout the animal kingdom. We have previously found that Tetrahymena thermophila show avoidance to netrin-1 peptide, and that secreted proteins from Tetrahymena show evidence of netrin-1 activity when assayed by ELISA. In our current study, Western blotting using a polyclonal antibody against netrin-1 showed that a protein of approximately 52 kDa was present in both whole cell extract and secreted protein obtained from Tetrahymena thermophila. Ion exchange chromatography using CM-Sepharose allowed us to isolate a protein of the same molecular weight, suggesting that this netrin-1-like protein is a basic protein, similar to its mammalian homologue. Immunolocalization using the same antibody showed co-localization of the netrin-1 with the endoplasmic reticulum when counterstained with ER Tracker™, as would be expected for a secreted protein. Since the Tetrahymena genome has been sequenced, we hope to purify enough of this protein to obtain an amino acid sequence and confirm the identity of this protein

Netrin-1 Signaling in \u3cem\u3eTetrahymena thermophila\u3c/em\u3e: The Tyrosine Kinase Controversy Continues

Netrin-1 is a pleiotropic signaling molecule first discovered for its role in neuronal development, where it is largely responsible for axonal guidance. When signaling through the DCC receptor, netrin-1 serves as a chemoattractant; however, signaling through the UNC5 receptor results in chemorepulsive activity (Ko et al., 2012). In the free-living ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, netrin-1 and netrin-1 peptide act as chemorepellents at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations, causing cells to exhibit avoidance behavior. While many pharmacological inhibitors that we tested had no effect on avoidance behavior, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein (IC50 ~ 50 μg/ml), inhibited avoidance behavior in this organism. However, when using the monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody PT-66 to probe for phosphotyrosine in control and netrin-1 exposed cells, both control and netrin-1 exposed cells showed a low level of immunostaining, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation was not required for netrin signaling. The localization of the staining was also similar in both groups. Genomic studies of Tetrahymena thermophila (Eisen et al., 2006) indicate that no tyrosine kinases are found in this organism. Previous biochemical studies (Christensen et al., 2003; Bartholomew et al., 2008) have suggested that tyrosine kinases are required for signaling in this organism. Our current data imply that the tyrosine kinase inhibitors we used may be binding to an alternative site in Tetrahymena. Additional studies will be necessary in order to determine the mechanism by which tyrosine kinase inhibitors are blocking netrin-1 avoidance in this organism

Effect of clock gating in conditional pulse enhancement flip-flop for low power applications

Flip-Flops (FFs) play a fundamental role in digital designs. A clock system consumes above 25% of total system power. The use of pulse-triggered flip-flops (P-FFs) in digital design provides better performance than conventional flip-flop designs. This paper presents the design of a new power-efficient implicit pulse-triggered flip-flop suitable for low power applications. This flip-flop architecture is embedded with two key features. Firstly, the enhancement in width and height of triggering pulses during specific conditions gives a solution for the longest discharging path problem in existing P-FFs. Secondly, the clock gating concept reduces unwanted switching activities at sleep/idle mode of operation and thereby reducing dynamic power consumption. The post-layout simulation results in cadence software based on CMOS 90-nm technology shows that the proposed design features less power dissipation and better power delay performance (PDP) when compared with conventional P-FFs. Its maximum power saving against conventional designs is up to 30.65%

Contested understandings in the global garment industry after Rana Plaza

This Introduction synthesizes the key themes of this special cluster of articles and explores the implications of the three contributions on garment supply chains after the Rana Plaza disaster. The three articles examine the perspectives of key stakeholders in garment value chains — global buyers, managers of garment factories in Bangladesh, and workers at these factories — and analyses their responses to the new governance initiatives that emerged in the aftermath of Rana Plaza. Placing the contrasting perspectives of these stakeholders alongside each other starkly reveals how their different positions within hierarchically organized global value chains form the particular lens through which they view post-Rana Plaza initiatives. This special cluster scrutinizes the particular understandings of these stakeholders and reveals the very different capacity for voice and influence that they bring to bear in shaping outcomes. It reflects on the contradictory imperatives faced by actors in the garment industry caught between a logic of competition on the one hand and global labour standards norms on the other. The Introduction concludes by examining the prospects for a re-embedding of the market in global value chains via the activation of civil society